Europe · Data protection

GDPR compliance for companies handling EU and EEA data

EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR): an established law with an active enforcement record. Overseen by National data protection authority (varies by member state).

Reference last verified 2026-09.

Key requirements at a glance

Registration with the regulatorNot required
Data protection officerDepends on thresholds or circumstances
Breach notificationWithin 72 hours
Cross-border transfer restrictionsRequired
Data localizationNot required

Penalties and enforcement

Fines up to €20 million or 4% of global annual turnover, whichever is higher.

What to know in practice

Also applies in Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway through the EEA Agreement. The default framework across the EU/EEA. Each member state pairs it with its own implementing law and DPA (e.g. Germany's BDSG/BfDI, France's CNIL, Spain's LOPDGDD/AEPD).

Countries covered

Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Poland, Romania, Netherlands, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, New Caledonia, French Polynesia.

How Cevro helps

  • Maps GDPR to the rest of your compliance program, so evidence collected for SOC 2 or ISO 27001 also counts here where it overlaps.
  • Gives every failing control a specific fix and a way to re-check it.

Frequently asked questions

Who regulates data protection in the EU and EEA?

National data protection authority (varies by member state) oversees EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

Is breach notification mandatory under GDPR?

The law sets a 72-hour window for notifying the regulator of a personal data breach, so you need detection and an incident process that can meet it.

Does the EU and EEA restrict cross-border data transfers?

Yes. Moving personal data out of the EU and EEA is restricted, so confirm a lawful transfer basis before data leaves the jurisdiction.

Do you need a data protection officer under GDPR?

Only in some cases, usually depending on the scale or sensitivity of your processing. Confirm whether you cross the threshold.

What are the penalties for non-compliance in the EU and EEA?

Fines up to €20 million or 4% of global annual turnover, whichever is higher.

Related jurisdictions: Europe

Read: Data protection checklist for new markets

Informational reference only, not legal advice. Compiled from a September 2026 source reviewing primary data-protection statutes; laws change and enforcement practice evolves. Verify current requirements with qualified local counsel before relying on this for an actual compliance decision.